NIO

NIO, which stands for Non-blocking I/O (Input/Output), is a feature in Java that allows for asynchronous input and output operations. It is part of the java.nio package introduced in Java 1.4. NIO provides a way to handle multiple channels and buffers, enabling developers to perform file and network operations without blocking the execution of their programs.The core components of NIO include:1. **Channels**: They represent a connection to an I/O resource, such as a file or a network socket, allowing for data to be read from or written to the resource.2. **Buffers**: These are memory blocks that temporarily store data being transferred between channels and the application. They provide a way to manage data in a more efficient manner.3. **Selectors**: A Selector allows a single thread to manage multiple channels. This means that a single thread can efficiently handle multiple I/O operations and switch between them as they become ready, thereby improving the scalability of network applications.NIO is particularly useful in scenarios where high-performance, scalable applications are required, such as in server-side programming or real-time data processing. By enabling asynchronous processing, NIO can lead to more responsive applications that efficiently utilize system resources.